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Mar a bhios puingean smachd agus dàta PPK a ’toirt buaidh air cruinneas buntainneach modail 3D

Anns an dà dheuchainn seo, thug sinn a-steach ceithir caochladairean eadar-dhealaichte gus dearbhadh dè cho ceart ‘sa tha am modail 3D. Is iad na ceithir caochladairean eadar-dhealaichte:

1: Seòrsaichean drone giùlan: drone VTOL no drone ioma-rotor

2: GSD eadar-dhealaichte

3: Le / Às aonais puingean smachd talmhainn

4: Le / Às aonais dàta PPK

Deuchainn 1: buaidh puingean smachd talmhainn (GCP) air cruinneas buntainneach a ’mhodail 3D;

Suidheachadh 1

Drone giùlan

Camara oblique

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

tha

Clàr Toradh 1:

Àireamh de Rudan

fad tomhais (L0)

Fad modail 3D (L1) às aonais GCP

Fad modail 3D (L2) le GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.01

0.00

 

8.706

8.71

8.68

0.00

0.03

 

10.961

10.87

10.90

0.09

0.06

2

7.010

6.89

6.98

0.12

0.03

3

1.822

1.79

1.80

0.03

0.02

4

10.410

10.39

10.40

0.02

0.01

5

10.718

10.67

10.70

0.05

0.02

6

13.787

13.75

13.77

0.04

0.02

7

11.404

11.39

11.39

0.01

0.01

 

12.147

12.13

12.13

0.02

0.02

8

7.526

7.51

7.49

0.02

0.04

 

13.797

13.79

13.81

0.01

-0.01

9

10.374

10.35

10.36

0.02

0.01

10

2.109

2.03

2.02

0.08

0.09

 

4.281

4.15

4.16

0.13

0.12

11

14.675

14.61

14.66

0.07

0.02

 

8.600

8.60

8.54

0.00

0.06

12

13.394

13.37

13.35

0.02

0.04

13

12.940

12.88

12.89

0.06

0.05

14

7.190

7.20

7.18

-0.01

0.01

15

13.371

13.36

13.35

0.01

0.02

 

6.435

6.40

6.41

0.03

0.02

16

3.742

3.75

3.72

-0.01

0.02

17

6.022

5.97

5.98

0.05

0.04

18

3.937

3.93

3.89

0.01

0.05

19

8.120

8.10

8.12

0.02

0.00

 

14.411

14.40

14.40

0.01

0.01

20

6.077

6.04

6.03

0.04

0.05

21

13.696

13.65

13.66

0.05

0.04

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0342m , Ds2 = 0.0308m

Suidheachadh 2

Drone giùlan

Camara oblique

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

Chan eil

Clàr Toradh 2:

Àireamh de Rudan

fad tomhais (L0)

Fad modail 3D (L1) às aonais GCP

Fad modail 3D (L2) le GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.18

7.18

0.030

0.030

 

8.706

8.69

8.68

0.016

0.026

 

10.961

10.89

10.91

0.071

0.051

2

7.010

6.88

6.92

0.130

0.090

3

1.822

1.76

1.79

0.062

0.032

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.030

0.020

5

10.718

10.65

10.66

0.068

0.058

6

13.787

13.72

13.77

0.067

0.017

7

11.404

11.41

11.38

-0.006

0.024

 

12.147

12.13

12.12

0.017

0.027

8

7.526

7.44

7.47

0.086

0.056

 

13.797

13.83

13.83

-0.033

-0.033

9

10.374

10.35

10.34

0.024

0.034

10

2.109

1.98

2.03

0.129

0.079

 

4.281

4.14

4.18

0.141

0.101

11

14.675

14.55

14.59

0.125

0.085

 

8.600

8.58

8.57

0.020

0.030

12

13.394

13.36

13.35

0.034

0.044

13

12.940

12.95

12.92

-0.010

0.020

14

7.190

7.21

7.21

-0.020

-0.020

15

13.371

13.36

13.36

0.011

0.011

 

6.435

6.37

6.43

0.065

0.005

16

3.742

3.74

3.72

0.002

0.022

17

6.022

6.03

6.00

-0.008

0.022

18

3.937

3.91

3.94

0.027

-0.003

19

8.120

8.09

8.09

0.030

0.030

 

14.411

14.40

14.41

0.011

0.001

20

6.077

6.06

6.03

0.017

0.047

21

13.696

13.68

13.65

0.016

0.046

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0397m , Ds2 = 0.0328m

Suidheachadh 3

Drone giùlan

Camara oblique

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

1.5cm

tha

Clàr Toradh 3:

Àireamh de Rudan

fad tomhais (L0)

Fad modail 3D (L1) às aonais GCP

Fad modail 3D (L2) le GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.01

0.00

 

8.706

8.69

8.7

0.02

0.01

 

10.961

10.88

10.89

0.08

0.07

2

7.010

6.87

6.99

0.14

0.02

3

1.822

1.75

1.78

0.07

0.04

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.03

0.02

5

10.718

10.69

10.69

0.03

0.03

6

13.787

13.78

13.76

0.01

0.03

7

11.404

11.38

11.39

0.02

0.01

 

12.147

12.12

12.12

0.03

0.03

8

7.526

7.49

7.51

0.04

0.02

 

13.797

13.78

13.8

0.02

0.00

9

10.374

10.34

10.35

0.03

0.02

10

2.109

2.02

2.11

0.09

0.00

 

4.281

4.21

4.28

0.07

0.00

11

14.675

14.65

14.68

0.03

0.00

 

8.600

8.57

8.53

0.03

0.07

12

13.394

13.40

13.37

-0.01

0.02

13

12.940

12.89

12.91

0.05

0.03

14

7.190

7.18

7.2

0.01

-0.01

15

13.371

13.38

13.35

-0.01

0.02

 

6.435

6.46

6.4

-0.03

0.03

16

3.742

3.75

3.71

-0.01

0.03

17

6.022

5.97

5.98

0.05

0.04

18

3.937

3.91

3.89

0.03

0.05

19

8.120

8.08

8.1

0.04

0.02

 

14.411

14.38

14.39

0.03

0.02

20

6.077

6.05

6.03

0.03

0.05

21

13.696

13.67

13.64

0.03

0.06

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0328m , Ds2 = 0.0249m

Suidheachadh 4

Drone giùlan

Camara oblique

GSD

PPK

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

1.5cm

Chan eil

Clàr Toradh 4:

Àireamh de Rudan

fad tomhais (L0)

Fad modail 3D (L1) às aonais GCP

Fad modail 3D (L2) le GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.20

7.21

0.010

0

 

8.706

8.65

8.68

0.056

0.026

 

10.961

10.90

10.87

0.061

0.091

2

7.010

6.86

6.88

0.150

0.13

3

1.822

1.76

1.76

0.062

0.062

4

10.410

10.37

10.38

0.040

0.03

5

10.718

10.68

10.72

0.038

-0.002

6

13.787

13.71

13.79

0.077

-0.003

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.024

0.024

 

12.147

12.12

12.13

0.027

0.017

8

7.526

7.49

7.53

0.036

-0.004

 

13.797

13.77

13.78

0.027

0.017

9

10.374

10.35

10.37

0.024

0.004

10

2.109

2.09

2.11

0.019

-0.001

 

4.281

4.19

4.28

0.091

0.001

11

14.675

14.64

14.67

0.035

0.005

 

8.600

8.57

8.58

0.030

0.02

12

13.394

13.38

13.39

0.014

0.004

13

12.940

12.91

12.9

0.030

0.04

14

7.190

7.20

7.19

-0.010

0

15

13.371

13.38

13.37

-0.009

0.001

 

6.435

6.43

6.42

0.005

0.015

16

3.742

3.70

3.7

0.042

0.042

17

6.022

5.99

5.98

0.032

0.042

18

3.937

3.94

3.91

-0.003

0.027

19

8.120

8.12

8.07

0.000

0.05

 

14.411

14.37

14.38

0.041

0.031

20

6.077

6.04

6.04

0.037

0.037

21

13.696

13.65

13.65

0.046

0.046

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0356m , Ds2 = 0.0259m

Suidheachadh 5

Drone giùlan

Camara oblique

GSD

PPK

Ioma-rotor DJI M600 Pro

DG4pros

1.5cm

Chan eil

Clàr Toraidhean 5:

Àireamh de Rudan

fad tomhais (L0)

Fad modail 3D (L1) às aonais GCP

Fad modail 3D (L2) le GCP

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.19

7.21

0.02

0.00

 

8.706

8.70

8.70

0.01

0.01

 

10.961

10.91

10.91

0.05

0.05

2

7.010

6.98

6.98

0.03

0.03

3

1.822

1.79

1.80

0.03

0.02

4

10.410

10.39

10.39

0.02

0.02

5

10.718

10.69

10.70

0.03

0.02

6

13.787

13.76

13.75

0.03

0.04

7

11.404

11.38

11.38

0.02

0.02

 

12.147

12.12

12.13

0.03

0.02

8

7.526

7.50

7.49

0.03

0.04

 

13.797

13.77

13.79

0.03

0.01

9

10.374

10.33

10.35

0.04

0.02

10

2.109

2.02

2.07

0.09

0.04

 

4.281

4.20

4.21

0.08

0.07

11

14.675

14.65

14.66

0.03

0.02

 

8.600

8.57

8.57

0.03

0.03

12

13.394

13.35

13.35

0.04

0.04

13

12.940

12.92

12.93

0.02

0.01

14

7.190

7.17

7.18

0.02

0.01

15

13.371

13.35

13.36

0.02

0.01

 

6.435

6.41

6.42

0.02

0.01

16

3.742

3.70

3.71

0.04

0.03

17

6.022

5.99

6.00

0.03

0.02

18

3.937

3.89

3.91

0.05

0.03

19

8.120

8.08

8.10

0.04

0.02

 

14.411

14.36

14.35

0.05

0.06

20

6.077

6.06

6.06

0.02

0.02

21

13.696

13.65

13.67

0.05

0.03

RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0342m , Ds2 = 0.0256m

Co-dhùnaidhean

Is iad na caochladairean deuchainn 1:

1: Le / Às aonais dàta PPK.

2: Seòrsaichean drone giùlan: drone VTOL no drone ioma-rotor

3: GSD eadar-dhealaichte : 1.5 cm no 2cm

Às deidh sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air na còig seataichean de dhàta deuchainneach, is urrainn dhuinn na co-dhùnaidhean a leanas a tharraing:

Nuair a tha an camara oblique DG4Pros:

(1) Le / Às aonais puing smachd talmhainn (GCP) a tha an sàs ann an triantanachadh AT, ge bith an e VTOL no drone ioma-rotor a th ’ann, ge bith a bheil an GSD 2cm no 1.5cm, faodaidh am modail 3D a chaidh a thogail le camara oblique DG4Pros coinneachadh ris an riatanasan mearachd cruinneas buntainneach Ds≤10cm.

(2) Nuair le / às aonais GCPan an aon chaochladair, tha cruinneas buntainneach a ’mhodail 3D le GCP nas fheàrr na sin às aonais GCP.

(3) Nuair a tha an GSD mar an aon chaochladair, tha cruinneas buntainneach a ’mhodail 3D gu bheil GSD 1.5cm nas fheàrr na an GSD 2cm sin.

(4) Nuair a tha an drone giùlain an caochladair singilte, tha cruinneas coimeasach a ’mhodail 3D gu bheil cleachdadh ioma-rotor nas fheàrr na sin le bhith a’ cleachdadh VTOL mar drone giùlain.

Deuchainn 2: Às aonais GCPan, buaidh dàta PPK air cruinneas coimeasach a ’mhodail 3D

Suidheachadh 1

Drone giùlan

Camara oblique

GSD

GCPan

CW10 VTOL

DG4pros

2cm

CHAN EIL

Clàr Toradh 1:

Àireamh de Rudan

fad tomhais (L0)

Fad modail 3D (L1) às aonais PPK

Fad modail 3D (L2) le PPK

Ds1 (L0-L1)

Ds2 (L0-L2)

1

7.210

7.18

7.20

0.030

0.01

 

8.706

8.69

8.71

0.016

0.00

 

10.961

10.89

10.87

0.071

0.09

2

7.010

6.88

6.89

0.130

0.12

3

1.822

1.76

1.79

0.062

0.03

4

10.410

10.38

10.39

0.030

0.02

5

10.718

10.65

10.67

0.068

0.05

6

13.787

13.72

13.75

0.067

0.04

7

11.404

11.41

11.39

-0.006

0.01

 

12.147

12.13

12.13

0.017

0.02

8

7.526

7.44

7.51

0.086

0.02

 

13.797

13.83

13.79

-0.033

0.01

9

10.374

10.35

10.35

0.024

0.02

10

2.109

1.98

2.03

0.129

0.08

 

4.281

4.14

4.15

0.141

0.13

11

14.675

14.55

14.61

0.125

0.07

 

8.600

8.58

8.60

0.020

0.00

12

13.394

13.36

13.37

0.034

0.02

13

12.940

12.95

12.88

-0.010

0.06

14

7.190

7.21

7.20

-0.020

-0.01

15

13.371

13.36

13.36

0.011

0.01

 

6.435

6.37

6.40

0.065

0.03

16

3.742

3.74

3.75

0.002

-0.01

17

6.022

6.03

5.97

-0.008

0.05

18

3.937

3.91

3.93

0.027

0.01

19

8.120

8.09

8.10

0.030

0.02

 

14.411

14.40

14.40

0.011

0.01

20

6.077

6.06

6.04

0.017

0.04

21

13.696

13.68

13.65

0.016

0.05

RMSE Ds1 = 0.0397m , Ds2 = 0.0342m